The Federal Judicial Center (FJC) was established by Congress in 1967 (28 U.S.C. §§ 620-629) on the recommendation of the Judicial Conference of the United States. Among its duties, the FJC is tasked with:
[conducting] research and study of the operation of the courts of the United States, and to stimulate and coordinate such research and study on the part of other public and private persons and agencies
The website is full of great resources for anyone interested in the history of the U.S. federal court system. One of the highlights of the site is the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. This is a one-stop shop providing timelines of the judges’ careers, lists of primary sources (including personal papers and oral histories), as well as links to portraits.
For an example, see the entry for Harvard Law grad Charles Wyzanski (HLS 1930).